The Synclavier I, manufactured by New England Digital Corporation beginning in 1978, included a digital FM synthesizer, using an FM synthesis algorithm licensed from Yamaha. Yamaha built the first prototype digital synthesizer in 1974, based on FM synthesis, before commercially releasing the Yamaha GS-1 in 1980. Digital FM synthesis (implemented as phase modulation) was the basis of several musical instruments beginning as early as 1974. However, FM synthesis can also be implemented digitally, which is more stable and became standard practice. inharmonic), inharmonic bell-like and percussive spectra can be created.įM synthesis using analog oscillators may result in pitch instability. Through the use of modulators with frequencies that are non-integer multiples of the carrier signal (i.e. As the amount of frequency modulation increases, the sound grows progressively complex. To synthesize harmonic sounds, the modulating signal must have a harmonic relationship to the original carrier signal. įM synthesis can create both harmonic and inharmonic sounds.
The frequency of an oscillator is altered "in accordance with the amplitude of a modulating signal". The time domain signals are illustrated above, and the corresponding spectra are shown below (spectrum amplitudes in dB).įrequency modulation synthesis (or FM synthesis) is a form of sound synthesis whereby the frequency of a waveform is changed by modulating its frequency with a modulator. A 220 Hz carrier tone f c modulated by a 440 Hz modulating tone f m, with various choices of frequency modulation index, β.
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